Predicting field performance using seedling quality assessment

Seedling quality is defined as fitness for purpose. Attributes for assessing seedling quality are grouped in material attributes that can be rapidly assessed by any number of direct or indirect methods, and performance attributes that are assessed by subjecting whole seedlings to certain environmental regimes and evaluating their growth response. Material attributes comprising morphology, bud dormancy, water relations and nutrition and performance attributes comprising frost hardiness, vigour and root growth potential are discussed with regard to relevance for predicting field performance. Measurement techniques and relevance in assessing seedling quality are presented for different physiological attributes: electrolyte leakage, enzymatic activity, water potential, water conductance, mineral nutrition, food reserves, mitotic index, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, plant growth regulators, stress-induced volatile emission, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Methods with future potential in improving the prediction of field performance are identified and discussed. The methods presented in this respect are chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared thermography, machine vision systems, integrated approaches and ecophysiological evaluations.     

银杏半同胞家系种苗性状变异及苗期选择

为探讨银杏家系主要性状的遗传变异规律，为苗期选择提供依据，对40个银杏半同胞家系的种苗性状进行了研究。结果表明：银杏半同胞家系种苗性状遗传力较高，不同家系间存在着不同程度的变异，家系内变异较小，种苗性状作为苗期选择的指标是可行的。随苗龄的增长，家系间在生长性状上的变异和分化有加大的趋势，银杏分枝类型的数量比例也会发生变化，由幼龄时长枝占优势会逐渐转变为成龄短枝占优势。银杏家系种子大小能反映该家系在苗期的生长表现，种子愈大，苗期生长量愈大。     

离子注入对桉树萌发及苗期生长的影响

对6个尾叶桉和巨桉的全同胞和半同胞家系进行种子离子注入后,观察萌发和苗期生长,结果表明:(1)离子注入对种子发芽有刺激作用,既促进也抑制;(2)离子注入促进树高和侧根数生长,而抑制地径、叶长、叶宽和根生长,表明通过注入有可能获得生产中所需要的目的性状或品种;(3)离子注入的各家系平均生物量低于对照,但差异不显著;离子注入的家系平均叶比重、叶体积、叶肉体积和叶含水量均低于对照;(4)按突变临界值筛选,离子注入苗中共33株入选,突变率为5.323%;按各家系分别筛选,突变率在7.50%~30.00%.     

切根、截顶对湿地松裸根苗生长调控效果的研究

在江西景德镇和安徽泾县布置了１年生湿地松裸根苗生长后期切和截顶试验，研究其对苗木形态和造林表现的效应及其例题应用制度。两年的结果表明，切根苗的高、径及主根形态指标均低于未切根苗，而侧须根系增加，早切根多次切根处理效应最显著。     

油松容器苗施肥的研究

本文根据研究结果论述了油松容器苗营养土中掺合尿素的最适量,一定出圃规格油松容器苗的施肥量以及施肥量的计算方法。同时还论述了1年生油松容器苗有关的化学营养诊断指标。     

Interactions between soil scarification and Norway spruce seedling types

Interactions between scarification treatments and seedling types of Norway spruce were examined at two different locations in southern Sweden. The scarification treatments were not scarified control, mounding and soil inversion and the seedling types were a 10 week-old containerized seedling (mini seedling), a 2 year-old containerized seedling and a 2 year-old hybrid seedling, grown as a containerized seedling the first year and as a bare-root seedling the second year. Site preparation intensity had a greater effect on the mini seedlings. The results indicated that mini seedlings established faster in the soil inversion treatment compared to the larger seedling types. At the same seedling age, the mini seedlings had faster or similar growth rate as the containerized and the hybrid seedlings regardless of scarification treatment. Although mini seedlings grew as well as or even better than larger seedlings if they were successfully established, they were more sensitive to their planting environment and proper handling was critical. Problems with frost heaving and competing vegetation have to be taken into consideration when choosing site preparation method and seedling type.     

红松实生种子园建园技术研究

建立红松种子园,培育遗传品质优良的繁殖材料,对于发展扩大红松阔叶林资源,加快培育红松优质材后备资源,具有重要意义,同时还可为红松食用种子林建设提供重要参考。本文根据红松实生种子园系列研究结果和生产经验,总结提出了包括优树选择标准和方法、播种苗培育和定植方法在内的红松第一代实生种子园营建技术及包括土壤管理、树体管理、抚育管理、病虫害防治、档案管理等内容的红松第一代实生种子园的经营管理技术。     

红松苗木活力与相对电导率关系的研究

本文通过测定不同失水时间的红松苗木的相对电导率，分析相对电导率与红松苗木活力的关系，发现红松苗木活力与水分下降、电解质外渗有密切相关，因此，通过测定苗木相对电导率可预测苗木的活力。     

木麻黄抗逆无性系苗期生长比较试验

采用通过筛选的2个木麻黄抗逆无性系与当地生长较好的惠2无性系进行水培育苗试验,结果表明:(1)不同无性系间苗高和地径差异不大,方差分析均未达显著水平。从遗传参数来看,3个无性系间苗高和地径的遗传力均为中等,分别为0.486和0.557,方差分量也不大,分别为66.06%、69.27%,苗高的遗传变异系数较小,其值为14.23%,而地径的遗传变异系数较大,其值为18.22%,利用苗高和地径指标对木麻黄抗逆品系和对照进行比较,不能取得较理想的结果;(2)不同无性系在侧根数、主根长、总干质量/总鲜质量等指标上均未达显著水平,且变异系数不大,仅为25.26%、13.70%、9.28%;但在地下部分干质量/地上部分干质量指标上达极显著水平,且变异系数较大,达46.42%。从苗木根系性状和生物量的遗传变异分析,木麻黄抗逆品系和对照没有什么差异。